Certified Prevention Professional (CPP) Practice Exam

Which of the following best suits the definition of protective factors?

1. Elements that boost the likelihood of substance use

2. Personal characteristics that enhance coping skills

3. Environmental changes that limit access to substances

4. Social behaviors that discourage drug use

The correct answer is: Personal characteristics that enhance coping skills

The definition of protective factors is best captured by the choice that highlights personal characteristics that enhance coping skills. Protective factors are attributes or conditions that help individuals manage stress and adversity, thereby reducing the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, such as substance use. These may include traits such as social competence, problem-solving skills, and emotional resilience, which empower individuals to face challenges effectively and make healthier choices. While environmental changes that limit access to substances and social behaviors that discourage drug use are certainly valuable in a comprehensive prevention strategy, they focus more on external influences rather than individual characteristics. The option regarding elements that boost the likelihood of substance use is contrary to the concept of protective factors, since it suggests an increase in risk rather than providing a buffer against it. Therefore, personal characteristics that enhance coping skills are integral to the definition of protective factors, as they lay the foundation for resilience and positive decision-making.