Certified Prevention Professional (CPP) Practice Exam

Which of the following describes both Protective and Risk Factors?

1. Social influences

2. Cultural perceptions

3. Community interactions

4. Personal characteristics

The correct answer is: Personal characteristics

Personal characteristics are an essential aspect that can embody both protective and risk factors in the context of health and behavior. Protective factors are traits or attributes that promote resilience and well-being, reducing the likelihood of negative outcomes such as substance abuse or mental health issues. These characteristics might include self-esteem, problem-solving skills, and a positive outlook on life, all of which can help individuals cope with challenges and avoid high-risk behaviors. Conversely, certain personal characteristics can act as risk factors when they predispose individuals to negative outcomes. For instance, low self-esteem, impulsivity, or a history of trauma may increase vulnerability to substance abuse or mental health disorders. In understanding how personal characteristics function as both protective and risk factors, it becomes clear that they play a pivotal role in individual behavior and health outcomes. While social influences, cultural perceptions, and community interactions can influence individuals, it is the innate personal attributes that directly contribute to both resilience and susceptibility to challenges.